https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmNULAQHHNZqRnYdD1hyj24BxSNi4nL4kwmnDocb6xN7qq/82.jpg

Why do people refuse to help in a critical situation? Why is it that the incident was noticed by an incredible number of people and only when one began to act towards him began to join others? Why are we just idle? Are we afraid or do not know how to properly behave and react to what is happening?

What's happening?

https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmW6BwZgkZy5jcXRbx4d7TrKotxaLeajsHN3YpprMC9PpR/nqigmea1pkt02hckxiqc.jpg

No matter how surprising this may sound, but with the increase in the number of participants, the likelihood that they will help someone is reduced. Provokes the "effect of an outsider" several factors, the most common of which is the so-called diffusion (in other words, the dispersion) of responsibility.

History of effect

https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbqAkCz2eEr8W2NG7XGCS9yQ5Td4CcmUEH275HAUsh4SC/1507805243192191427.png

One day, in March 1964, a resident of the New York metropolis Kitty Gioveneze, was killed by a serial killer. The victim was attacked several times by the knife, after which she was raped and robbed. It would seem that this is quite an ordinary case for such a large city. Nevertheless, it was found that at least 10 people saw how this crime was committed. Two of whom, aware that the girl was injured, but none of the whole number of witnesses, did not try to prevent the crime or provide first aid to her. Tragically, but even calls to the police because of their sheer uninformativeness, did not attract the necessary level of attention.

Later, this case interested The New York Times, releasing the relevant material "38 people who saw the murder, did not call the police" there was a considerable wave of public resonance, which was picked up by two psychologists - Darley and Latarna. The result was an experiment in which the students reacted when their comrade fell to the ground with an attack of epilepsy. It turned out that if someone was "alone-on-one" in the room with the spent, then the help turned out to be with a probability of 85%, but if a person fell into epilepsy in the presence of a group of people, then the probability that the help would be rendered was only 31%.

Factors provoking this effect

Diffusion of responsibility. Everyone thinks that help will be provided by someone else.
Ambiguity of the situation. There is no certainty that the situation is interpreted in the right way or there is a fear that actions may harm the victim.
Psychology of the masses. If no one reacts, then the situation does not imply action.
The "face" of the victim. Your connection and association with the victim: her gender, race, appearance or logo on clothes.

What is the role of the state?

In many countries, the witness's inaction with respect to the victim is subject to criminal liability (for example, in Germany and Spain). But in one of the Canadian provinces - Quebec, rendering assistance to a person in such a situation is considered a civil duty. Either way, you should always be ready to act and guide!